dojo.require uses XMLHttpRequest to load additional components. On default Chrome settings, XMLHttpRequest on local file system is not allowed. This will break whole dojo system.

To change the default policy, you can start Chrome with a command line option –allow-file-access-from-files.

This issue is a well known one for Chromium project and still under active discussion:
http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=40787